Evaluating the Effectiveness of Ashalaja Municipal Assembly Communication Strategies for Raising Awareness on Teenage Pregnancy and Reproductive Health Issues

Abstract

Teenage pregnancy is a significant challenge in peri-urban areas of Ghana, adversely affecting education, health, and socio-economic well-being. This study evaluates the effectiveness of communication strategies employed by the Ashalaja Municipal Assembly to reduce teenage pregnancy and improve reproductive health outcomes. The study aimed to assess the communication strategies used, their effectiveness, teenagers' understanding of reproductive health messages, and the impact on teenage reproductive health behaviours. These objectives guided the research to provide actionable insights for improving reproductive health education in the community. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, utilizing the Sequential Explanatory Design. Quantitative data were collected from 100 teenage participants through structured questionnaires, while qualitative insights were gathered using semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, including teachers, health workers, and municipal representatives. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics for the quantitative component and thematic analysis for qualitative data. The findings indicated that school-based programs were the primary communication channels, with peer mentoring, dramatizations, and collaborations with NGOs such as Right to Play playing significant roles. These programs effectively raised awareness and influenced behaviours among teenagers. Quantitatively, Ninety-five percent of respondents reported that the strategies influenced their decisions regarding reproductive health. Notably, sixty-four percent sought reproductive health services, and forty-five delayed sexual activity due to these initiatives. However, gaps were observed in reaching out-of-school teenagers and addressing deeply rooted cultural barriers that limit the broader impact of these efforts. Interactive methods, such as dramatizations and songs, were particularly effective in simplifying complex reproductive health concepts and improving message retention. Despite this success, misconceptions about contraceptive use and a lack of comprehensive education on preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) persisted. Socio-economic challenges, such as poverty and parental influence, also hindered the long-term sustainability of behaviours change. In conclusion, the Ashalaja Municipal Assembly's communication strategies effectively raised awareness and reduced teenage pregnancy rates among in-school teenagers. However, to achieve sustainable outcomes, the Assembly must expand its outreach to include marginalized groups, such as out-of-school youth, address misconceptions, and integrate culturally sensitive, community-based approaches. These steps are vital to ensuring that all teenagers in Ashalaja benefit from comprehensive and inclusive reproductive health education.