Assessment Of CSR Practice In Ghana: The Case Of External Responsibilities Vs Internal Responsibilities

Abstract

This study critically assessed the practice of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Ghana, specifically examining the balance between External Responsibilities (community development and philanthropy) and Internal Responsibilities (employee welfare and professional development). The primary objective was to determine the relative influence of Internal CSR (ICSR) versus External CSR (ECSR) on overall corporate outcomes, including company reputation and performance, in the Ghanaian business environment. The study employed a quantitative research design, surveying various stakeholders to gather comprehensive data on the implementation and perception of CSR activities. Findings revealed that while both ICSR and ECSR positively contribute to corporate outcomes, Internal CSR emerged as the significantly stronger predictor (for ICSR vs. for ECSR). Furthermore, companies generally meet mandated internal obligations but demonstrate weaknesses in relational ICSR areas such as work-life balance and employee participation. The research concludes that Ghanaian businesses need to rebalance their CSR focus, prioritizing authentic engagement with internal stakeholders to achieve more sustainable and impactful organizational success.