The Challenges of Freedom of Expression: An Analysis of Political, Social and Cultural Factors. A Comparative Study Between Ghana and Burkina Faso

Abstract

This study explores the challenges of freedom of expression through political, social, and cultural factors in a comparative analysis of Ghana and Burkina Faso. Grounded in Social Constructivism and Political Systems Theories, it examines how cultural norms and political regimes shape the perception and practice of this right. Social Constructivism highlights the role of language and culture, while Political Systems Theories reveal the contrasting impacts of democratic and authoritarian governance on media freedom and public discourse. Using a qualitative approach, the study employed an explanatory survey design, gathering data through in-depth interviews with a purposive sample of journalists, activists, and policymakers from both countries. The study underscores ethical considerations, ensuring confidentiality, informed consent, and voluntary participation. Recommendations include strengthening legal frameworks, promoting media literacy, and fostering dialogue among stakeholders to enhance freedom of expression. The research calls for further studies on the impact of digital media and offers valuable insights for policymakers, media practitioners, and scholars in West Africa.